Finance
Udhaar Ka Hisaab Kaise Rakhe: Dukan Ke Liye Khata Guide
Udhaar ka hisaab kaise rakhe: kisko kitna udhaar de, bill aur payment kaise likhe, ageing, WhatsApp par statement, aur purana udhaar kaise vasoole.
In short
Udhaar ka hisaab rakhne ke liye har customer ka alag khata rakhiye, har udhaar bill aur har payment usi din likhiye, payment ko us bill ke against lagaiye jiska paisa aaya, har hafte ageing dekhiye ki kaunsa paisa kitne din se baaki hai, aur mahine mein ek baar customer ko uska statement WhatsApp par bhejiye.
- Udhaar dene se pehle teen cheezein tay kijiye: kisko, kitna, aur kitne din ke liye.
- Payment ko hamesha kisi bill ke against lagaiye — sabse purane bill se shuru karna sabse saaf tareeka hai.
- Ageing (0–30, 31–60, 61–90, 90+ din) batata hai ki kaunsa paisa sabse zyada khatre mein hai.
- Customer ko statement bhejna, jisme har bill aur payment ho, sirf 'paise bhejo' ke message se zyada asar karta hai.
- Software shuru karne se pehle ka udhaar opening balance ke roop mein daaliye, taaki purana hisaab chhoote nahi.
Udhaar dukan ka sabse bada risk kyun hai
Udhaar ke bina dukan nahi chalti — regular customer, contractor, chhota dukandar, sab mahine ke end mein ya maal bikne ke baad paise dete hain. Problem udhaar dena nahi hai. Problem hai hisaab dheela padna.
Teen cheezein baar-baar hoti hain:
- Diary ka page bhar gaya, total agle page par galat utar gaya
- Customer kehta hai “maine to ₹2,000 de diye the”, aur aapke paas likha nahi
- 4-5 mahine purana paisa dheere-dheere bhool gaye, aur woh kabhi wapas nahi aaya
Yeh guide in teeno ko rokne ke liye hai — chahe aap diary use karein ya software.
Udhaar dene ke niyam — pehle tay kijiye
Udhaar ka hisaab udhaar dene se pehle shuru hota hai. Har customer ke liye teen baatein tay kijiye:
1. Kisko. Naye customer ko pehli 2-3 baar cash par maal dijiye. Jo regular hai, samay par deta hai, aur jiska pata-thikana aapko maloom hai — udhaar usi ko.
2. Kitna. Har customer ki ek seema apne man mein ya register mein rakhiye, jaise ₹5,000 ya ₹20,000. Seema paar ho to naya udhaar tab tak nahi jab tak purana kuch clear na ho.
3. Kitne din. 7 din, 15 din ya 30 din — customer ko pehle din bata dijiye. Isse due date tay hoti hai aur baad mein “kab dena tha” ki behas nahi hoti.
Har bill aur har payment kaise likhe
Udhaar ke hisaab ka sabse zaroori niyam: har cheez usi din likhiye, aur payment ko bill se jodiye.
Udhaar ka bill
Udhaar par diya maal hamesha bill ke saath — bill number, tareekh, items aur amount. Sirf “Ramesh — ₹1,500” likhne se baad mein pata nahi chalta ki ₹1,500 kis cheez ka tha.
Payment
Jab customer paise de, receipt banaiye aur usse sabse purane baaki bill ke against lagaiye. Customer ne kisi khaas bill ka paisa diya ho to usi par lagaiye.
Ek example
Ek customer ke September ke bill aur payment:
| Tareekh | Kya hua | Amount | Payment kis bill par | Baaki |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sept | Bill #101 | ₹2,000 | — | ₹2,000 |
| 10 Sept | Bill #115 | ₹1,500 | — | ₹3,500 |
| 20 Sept | Bill #130 | ₹3,000 | — | ₹6,500 |
| 25 Sept | Payment (UPI) | ₹2,500 | #101 poora (₹2,000) + #115 mein ₹500 | ₹4,000 |
25 September ke baad saaf dikhta hai: #115 ke ₹1,000 aur #130 ke ₹3,000 baaki hain. Customer ko bhi yahi batana hai — “₹4,000 baaki hai” ke saath “kaunse bill ka”.
Ageing — kaunsa paisa kitne din se baaki hai
Kul baaki ek number hai, par asli khatra purane paise mein hai. Ageing ka matlab hai baaki paise ko is hisaab se baantna ki woh kitne din purana hai.
| Kitne din purana | Khatra | Kya karein |
|---|---|---|
| Due date se pehle | Koi nahi | Kuch nahi, bas dhyaan rakhiye |
| 0–30 din | Kam | Ek seedha yaad dilane wala message |
| 31–60 din | Medium | Statement bhejiye, phone kijiye |
| 61–90 din | Zyada | Naya udhaar rokiye, milkar baat kijiye |
| 90 din se upar | Bahut zyada | Purana clear hone tak sirf cash, aage ka faisla CA ya vakeel se poochkar |
Har hafte ek baar yeh list dekhiye. 90 din wale ₹2,000 aur pichhle hafte ke ₹10,000 — dono mein pehle ₹2,000 par kaam kijiye.
Customer ko statement WhatsApp par bhejiye
“Bhai paise bhej do” wala message aksar ignore hota hai. Uski jagah statement bhejiye — ek page jisme customer ke saare bill, saare payment aur aakhir mein baaki likha ho. Customer khud mila sakta hai, behas kam hoti hai, aur aksar woh poora paisa ek saath de deta hai.
Mahine ki shuruaat mein ek baar sabhi udhaar wale customers ko statement bhejna achhi aadat hai. Payment aaye to receipt ki copy bhi bhej dijiye — iske liye free payment receipt generator bina sign-up ke PDF bana deta hai. Receipt mein kya-kya likhna chahiye, yeh payment receipt aur receipt voucher wale lekh mein hai.
Customer mana kare to — saboot kaise rakhe
Sabse mushkil baat-cheet tab hoti hai jab customer kehta hai “itna maal maine liya hi nahi” ya “woh paisa to de diya tha”. Iska jawab behas nahi, saboot hai.
- Har udhaar bill ki copy customer ko dijiye — kaagaz par sign karwa kar, ya bill ki PDF WhatsApp par. WhatsApp par bheja bill tareekh ke saath record ban jaata hai.
- Bade udhaar par sign — ₹5,000 ya ₹10,000 se upar ke udhaar par bill ki dukan wali copy par customer ka sign le lijiye.
- Har payment ki receipt — cash mile ya UPI, receipt bana kar bhejiye. Isse customer ko bhi bharosa rehta hai ki uska paisa likha gaya.
- UPI ka record — UPI se aaya paisa bank statement mein dikhta hai; receipt mein UPI reference number likh dijiye.
Staff udhaar de to
Dukan par aap akele nahi hain to udhaar ka niyam staff ke liye bhi saaf hona chahiye. Kaun udhaar de sakta hai, kitne tak, aur kis customer ko — yeh likh kar rakhiye. Har udhaar bill par bill banane wale ka naam ho, taaki baad mein poochha ja sake. Software mein staff ko alag login dijiye; VyapRise ke Pro plan mein har staff ko alag role milta hai (jaise Cashier ya Sales), aur custom role bana kar tay kar sakte hain ki kaun kya kar sake. Free plan sirf maalik ke ek login ke liye hai.
Purana udhaar kaise vasoole
Software shuru karte waqt sabse bada sawaal: diary mein jo purana udhaar hai, uska kya?
- Har customer ka opening balance nikaliye — jis din se naya system shuru kar rahe hain, us din tak ka kul baaki.
- Customer se ek baar mila lijiye — “aapka ₹8,400 baaki hai, aapke hisaab se kitna hai?” Farak ho to abhi suljha lijiye.
- Opening balance daal dijiye — aage ke saare naye bill alag se, bill-wise chalenge.
- Purana paisa aaye to — receipt banaiye aur use purane baaki ke against lagaiye, naye bills ke against nahi. Isse pata rehta hai ki purana hisaab kitna bacha.
- Bahut purana paisa — 6 mahine ya saal bhar purane paise ke liye customer se milkar ek plan banaiye, jaise har hafte ₹500. Aage legal kadam ka faisla CA ya vakeel se poochkar.
Diary vs software
Diary bilkul galat nahi hai — jahan 10-15 udhaar wale customer hain, wahan achhi tarah rakhi diary kaam kar jaati hai. Par customer 50 se upar ho jaayein, ya dukan par aapke alawa koi aur bhi udhaar likhta ho, to farak saaf dikhne lagta hai:
| Baat | Diary / register | Software (customer ledger) |
|---|---|---|
| Total | Haath se jodna | Apne aap |
| Payment kis bill ka | Aksar likha nahi | Har receipt bill se judi |
| Purana paisa dhoondhna | Panne palatna | Ageing report |
| Customer ko hisaab | Photo ya phone par padh kar | Statement PDF / WhatsApp |
| Kho jaaye to | Hisaab gaya | Server par; PDF/CSV export Pro plan mein |
VyapRise mein udhaar ka hisaab
VyapRise mein udhaar par bana har bill customer ke khate (ledger) mein apne aap chadhta hai, aur receipt banate hi balance kam hota hai. Customer par credit period rakhiye to har bill ki due date banti hai; outstanding aur ageing report batati hai ki kaunsa paisa kitne din se baaki hai. Statement PDF mein nikaaliye ya WhatsApp click-to-chat se bhejiye. Purana udhaar opening balance se, aur uske payment receipt mein “Old invoices (not in VyapRise)” se. Receipt, statement PDF aur kisi bhi period ka ledger Pro plan (saalana) mein hai; Free plan mein is mahine ka khata dikhta hai aur payment invoice par hi likhi jaati hai.
Do baatein saaf jaan lijiye: reminder app ke andar bell mein dikhta hai (customer ko apne aap reminder email sirf Pro plan mein jaata hai), customer ko apne aap SMS ya WhatsApp nahi jaata; aur credit limit paar hone par VyapRise bill banate waqt warning deta hai — faisla aapka hai, aur chahein to setting se aise bill ke liye maalik ki approval zaroori kar sakte hain. Poori jaankari customer ledger page par hai, aur phone se bill banana ho to GST bill banane ka software dekhiye.
Yeh lekh general jaankari ke liye hai. Paise vasoolne ke legal kadam ya bad debt ke accounting/tax treatment ke liye apne CA ya vakeel se salah lijiye.
How VyapRise handles this
Udhaar bill apne aap khate mein
VyapRise mein udhaar par bana har bill customer ke ledger mein chadhta hai; receipt banate hi balance kam hota hai. Customer ledger Free plan mein is mahine ke liye hai; receipt Pro mein hai.
Ageing aur due date
Customer par credit period rakhiye, har bill ki due date banegi. Outstanding aur ageing report batati hai ki kaunsa paisa kitne din se baaki hai. Reminder app ke bell mein dikhta hai; customer ko apne aap reminder email Pro plan mein jaata hai.
Purana udhaar bhi
Opening balance daaliye, aur purane paise aane par receipt (Pro) mein 'Old invoices (not in VyapRise)' chuniye. Statement PDF (Pro) ya WhatsApp click-to-chat se bhejiye; Free plan mein payment invoice par hi likhi jaati hai.
Frequently asked questions
Udhaar ka hisaab diary mein rakhe ya app mein?
Dono chal sakte hain, par diary mein total haath se jodna padta hai aur payment kis bill ka tha yeh likha nahi rehta. Billing software ya khata app mein bill banate hi udhaar khate mein chadhta hai, balance apne aap update hota hai, aur customer ko statement bhejna aasaan hai.
Customer thoda-thoda paisa de to kaise likhe?
Har payment ki receipt banaiye aur use sabse purane baaki bill ke against lagaiye. Pehla bill poora clear ho jaaye to bacha hua paisa agle bill par jaata hai. Isse dono taraf saaf rehta hai ki kaunsa bill baaki hai.
Kitne din purana udhaar khatre mein maana jaye?
Aam taur par 60 din ke baad dhyaan dena shuru kijiye aur 90 din se purane paise ko khatre mein maaniye. Us customer ko naya udhaar dene se pehle purana baaki clear karwana behtar hai.
Kya VyapRise customer ko apne aap reminder bhejta hai?
SMS ya WhatsApp se nahi. Due aur overdue ka reminder VyapRise ke andar, bell icon mein dikhta hai; Pro plan (saalana) mein customer ko payment reminder email apne aap bhejna chalu kar sakte hain. Customer ko SMS ya WhatsApp apne aap nahi jaata. Pro plan mein customer ka statement PDF mein nikaal kar, ya WhatsApp click-to-chat se, aap khud bhejte hain.
Software se pehle ka purana udhaar kaise daale?
Har customer ka opening balance daaliye — jis din se software shuru kiya, us din unka kitna baaki tha. Jab woh purana paisa de, Pro plan mein receipt mein 'Old invoices (not in VyapRise)' chun kar payment lagaiye (Free plan mein payment invoice par hi likhi jaati hai).
Kya VyapRise mein credit limit set kar sakte hain?
Haan. Customer par credit limit set kar sakte hain. Naya bill limit paar karega to bill banate waqt warning dikhti hai, faisla aapka rehta hai. Chahein to setting se aisa bill (ya bahut purane baaki wale customer ka bill) maalik ki approval ke baad hi banega. Saath mein credit period rakhiye jisse har bill ki due date bane, aur khate mein baaki aur ageing dekhte rahiye.